

“ત્રણ વાનાં મુજને મળ્યાં: હૈયું, મસ્તક, હાથ.
બહુ દઈ દીધું, નાથ! જા, ચોથું નથી માગવું.”

“Three gifts have been granted to me: a heart, a head, and hands.
You have already given so much, Lord — I shall not ask for a fourth.”
Shri Umashankar Joshi

A pioneering ITI-style training centre in Banaskantha since 2007.
Students trained
Secured meaningful employment
Started own ventures

Bridging the gap between education and employability since 2016.
youth trained in IT & digital skills
placed in jobs
pursued higher studies
became self-employed

A nurturing residential centre for underserved children since 2018.
children nurtured currently
in graduates program now
Integrated Early Childhood Education (ages 3–6)

Where women discover skills, dignity, and independence since 2012.
women trained
self-employed, becoming earning members of their families
Expanded to a new centre at Rampura

Instilling responsibility to protect our planet. since 2021.
Nos. of Camps/Events held
Nos. of participants sensitised

Restoring sight, dignity, and independence through free eye care.
eye camps organized
spectacles were provided
cataract surgeries performed
patients examined
At Sarjan Foundation, our vision goes far beyond simply educating or skilling individuals. We believe that every child and young person deserves the opportunity to grow into a physically, intellectually, ethically, emotionally, and spiritually developed human being who is responsible, empathetic, and capable and at the same time equipped with the specific skills needed to secure a dignified livelihood.
Lives Impacted
Youth Skilled
Women Empowered
Villages Reached
Taken together, Sarjan’s initiatives form a holistic journey—starting from the womb, continuing through early childhood, adolescence, youth skilling, women’s empowerment, employability enhancement, environmental stewardship, and higher education strengthening head, heart and hands - uplifting communities, transforming futures.
At Sarjan Foundation, our vision goes far beyond simply educating or skilling individuals. We believe that every child and young person deserves the opportunity to grow into a physically, intellectually, ethically, emotionally, and spiritually developed human being who is responsible, empathetic, and capable and at the same time equipped with the specific skills needed to secure a dignified livelihood.

Equipping underprivileged youth with industrial and technical skills including CNC, VMC programming, welding, and robotics.

Enhancing employability through IT and vocational skills including AutoCAD, mobile app development, and web design.

Residential learning center providing multilingual, experiential education for children from underserved communities.

Empowering women through skills like tailoring, mehndi, crochet, and beauty care for economic independence.

Organizing eye camps in rural Gujarat, providing cataract surgeries and spectacles to restore sight and dignity.

Engaging students and communities in conservation through school activities, nature camps, environmental education.
From training just 54 candidates in 2007 to empowering more than 1,000 individuals annually today, Sarjan Foundation has expanded its impact across education, livelihoods, health, and environment. Our programs support people at every stage of life — nurturing mothers, guiding children and youth, and enabling women to build self-reliant futures. Looking ahead, we aim to scale our models across Gujarat and beyond by strengthening training at MARG, RFSTC, BADRI, and SHAKTI, forging industry partnerships, and creating cooperative market linkages for women. Alongside, we deepen environmental stewardship through ProEnviron and holistic education at BADRI, driving sustainable change for generations.
At Sarjan Foundation, we nurture each child’s unique talents in academics, arts, sports, and vocational skills. By grouping learners by level, not age, we foster joyful learning, confidence, and expression. Our focus is on preparing youth with futuristic skills in technology, innovation, and trades for sustainable livelihoods and dignity.
From our humble beginnings, Sarjan has grown into a movement that benefits thousands each year. Yet, we know the need is far greater. Our vision is to expand training centres across India, taking our successful models from Gujarat to the remotest parts of the country. By doing so, we aim to make learning accessible to all, ensuring that no child, youth, or woman is denied the opportunity to learn, grow, and thrive.
With rapid urbanisation and rising inequality, rural India risks being left behind. Sarjan Foundation works to strengthen the social fabric by training rural youth in entrepreneurship and technical skills, empowering them to create sustainable livelihoods in their villages. By enabling youth to generate opportunities for themselves and others, we aim to foster inclusive development that uplifts communities and bridges the rural–urban divide.
Let’s hear from some of the direct beneficiaries under different programs/activities conducted by Sarjan Foundation.
Every donation, every volunteer hour, every partnership makes a real difference. Join us in transforming communities and empowering individuals across Gujarat.
✓ 80G Tax Exemption Available ✓ FCRA Registered ✓ Transparent Impact Reporting

Sarjan Foundation is a not-for-profit organization dedicated to improving the quality of life of the underserved. We believe that when individuals are denied opportunities, they are at risk of being pushed to the margins of society — often leading to cycles of poverty, vulnerability, and in some cases, addiction or crime. To break this cycle, Sarjan creates pathways of dignity and empowerment through initiatives in education, healthcare, livelihood, and women’s empowerment.
Every year, our programs directly benefit over 18,000 people across more than 200 remote villages in Gujarat. From training youth in contemporary skills and providing financial support to school and college students, to creating livelihoods for women and delivering essential healthcare services, we ensure that opportunities reach those who need them most.
Guided by compassion and driven by impact, Sarjan Foundation continues to surge ahead in its mission — transforming lives, strengthening communities, and building a future where no one is left behind.
Lives Impacted
Youth Skilled
Women Empowered
Villages Reached
Why we do. What we do.
Sarjan is very clear about why it does what it does. At a philosophical level, Sarjan is putting all its energies towards building a strong sense of fraternity within people, leading to improving their 'Happiness Quotient'.
Sarjan's vision is of an India that is physically, intellectually, ethically, aesthetically, emotionally, and spiritually developed.
It has taken upon itself, as its mission, to improve the Human Development Index by elevating the levels of Economic attainment, Health attainment, and Education attainment right at the grassroots, while nurturing fraternity and compassion among individuals.
Strategically, it has taken up direct interventions in the areas of livelihood promotion and education through its centres located at Amirgadh and Palanpur in Banaskantha, Prantij in Sabarkantha and Siholi in Gandhinagar, in Gujarat. In healthcare, it regularly organises eye-camps in the villages to screen cases of cataract and glaucoma apart from regular refraction check-up for glasses. Further, their treatment is facilitated at mostly state run or state supported tertiary care centres. In rare cases, the patients are treated at private eye hospitals.
A scientist, civil servant, author, administrator, widely travelled development practitioner. Passion for human development and service to humanity best describes her mission.
A Social Entrepreneur, Ex- NID professor, Socialite serving on the boards of various charitable organisations.
Founder and Chairman of Hari Krishna Exports Pvt. Ltd., a Diamond manufacturing and exporting company
Ex - President, Gujarat Chamber of Commerce and Industry & Chairman, Nexus Infratech P. Ltd.
Mr. Vasant Shaha is CA by profession with 40+ years of experience in industry - both public sector and private sector . He is currently on the board of couple of Torrent Group companies.
Serial entrepreneur with 20+ years of experience encompassing system engineering, finance and operations, wearing different hats as CEO, CTO and COO.
Highly experienced Sr. Advocate (Retd.), Gujarat High Court, now Managing Trustee, Sarjan Foundation
Equipping underprivileged youth with industrial and technical skills including CNC, VMC programming, welding, and robotics.
Enhancing employability through IT and vocational skills including AutoCAD, mobile app development, and web design.
Residential learning center providing multilingual, experiential education for children from underserved communities.
Empowering women through skills like tailoring, mehndi, crochet, and beauty care for economic independence.
Organizing eye camps in rural Gujarat, providing cataract surgeries and spectacles to restore sight and dignity.
Sarjan Foundation (SF) is a non-profit organization (a public charity) registered under the Bombay Public Trusts Act, 1950 vide Reg. No.E/11269 Ahmedabad on 26.3.1997. It is also registered under the Foreign (Contribution and Registrations) Act, 1976 vide Registration No. 41910347 dtd. 24-3-2007. Donations to Sarjan Foundation are eligible for tax exemption as per Section 80G of the Income-tax Act, 1961.


Students
trained
Secured
meaningful employment
Started
Own Ventures
Established in 2007, MARG – Rampura is Sarjan Foundation’s flagship skill development centre, empowering underprivileged youth with industry-aligned training and hands-on experience. From CNC & VMC programming to industrial robotics, wiring, welding, and fabrication, MARG prepares students for real-world opportunities.
In partnership with Fanuc Engineering Pvt. Ltd. and other leading companies, MARG has trained 3,100+ students, with many securing jobs at Tata Autocomp, Varroc Polymer, Jay Bharat Maruti, PowerDrive Bearing, and Duke Plasto. Graduates begin with an average salary of ₹16,000/month, doubling family incomes and generating ₹150+ lakhs in monthly economic impact.
MARG also fosters entrepreneurship, with 15% of graduates starting their own ventures. Beyond technical expertise, its mission is to nurture skilled, compassionate, and socially responsible individuals.
Sponsor a candidate
MARGSupport the cause by sponsoring candidates at an average cost of INR 40,000 per candidate per year.
Sponsor a candidate
We seek your help and participation in seeing through a trainee/learner through a whole year. Your assistance enables us in providing direction and purpose to the aimlessly drifting young boys and girls who may otherwise end up affecting the community in a negative way.
Kindly send a confirmation email to info@sarjanfoundation.org after completing the payment, including your Complete Name, PAN No., and Address to ensure proper receipt issuance and record-keeping.
Sarjan is registered under the FCRA Act of the Ministry of Home Affairs, Govt. of India, to receive Foreign Contributions/Donations
For donations to be tax deductible in the US, please make check payable to Human Service Foundation, mention ‘For Sarjan Foundation‘ in the memo and mail it to
Kindly send a confirmation email to info@sarjanfoundation.org after completing the payment.
The foundation welcomes your support and help in every way. Thank you for showing your interest to volunteer with us. You can volunteer from remote too!!

Enhancing employability through IT and vocational skills including AutoCAD, mobile app development, and web design.

Residential learning center providing multilingual, experiential education for children from underserved communities.

Empowering women through skills like tailoring, mehndi, crochet, and beauty care for economic independence.

Organizing eye camps in rural Gujarat, providing cataract surgeries and spectacles to restore sight and dignity.

Engaging students and communities in conservation through school activities, nature camps, environmental education.
+91-9375761920


youth trained in
IT & Digital Skills
placed
in jobs
pursued
higher studies
become
self-employed
Established in 2016, the Roberts F. Smith Technology Centre (RFSTC) is dedicated to enhancing the employability of college graduates by bridging the gap between education and industry needs. With a strong focus on practical IT and digital training, RFSTC equips students with skills in Tally ERP 9, AutoCAD, mobile app development, and web design.
Many young graduates with BA, B.Com, or BCA degrees find themselves ill-prepared for the job market. To address this, Sarjan offers 6-month intensive training in Programming, Tally, and AutoCAD at its RFSTech centre, Palanpur. These programs bridge the employability gap, ensuring graduates enter the workforce as both competent professionals and conscientious citizens. By creating these opportunities, the centre continues to transform lives and strengthen the local economy.
Sponsor a candidate
RFSTCSupport the cause by sponsoring candidates at an average cost of INR 15000 per candidate per year.
Sponsor a candidate
We seek your help and participation in seeing through a trainee/learner through a whole year. Your assistance enables us in providing direction and purpose to the aimlessly drifting young boys and girls who may otherwise end up affecting the community in a negative way.
Kindly send a confirmation email to info@sarjanfoundation.org after completing the payment, including your Complete Name, PAN No., and Address to ensure proper receipt issuance and record-keeping.
Sarjan is registered under the FCRA Act of the Ministry of Home Affairs, Govt. of India, to receive Foreign Contributions/Donations
For donations to be tax deductible in the US, please make check payable to Human Service Foundation, mention ‘For Sarjan Foundation‘ in the memo and mail it to
Kindly send a confirmation email to info@sarjanfoundation.org after completing the payment.
The foundation welcomes your support and help in every way. Thank you for showing your interest to volunteer with us. You can volunteer from remote too!!

Equipping underprivileged youth with industrial and technical skills including CNC, VMC programming, welding, and robotics.

Residential learning center providing multilingual, experiential education for children from underserved communities.

Empowering women through skills like tailoring, mehndi, crochet, and beauty care for economic independence.

Organizing eye camps in rural Gujarat, providing cataract surgeries and spectacles to restore sight and dignity.

Engaging students and communities in conservation through school activities, nature camps, environmental education.
Basement of Ashok Avenue, Opposite Hyundai Showroom, Palanpur - Abu Road Highway, Palanpur, Banaskantha, Gujarat - 385001
+91-7359146760


children nurtured
currently
in graduate
program now
integrated early childhood
education (ages 3-6)
BADRI (Benevolent Accelerated Development and Reconstruction Initiative) is a residential learning center for children aged 10–11 years from underserved communities, designed to provide holistic, multilingual, and experiential education. With a capacity to host 114 students, BADRI nurtures children over a 6–8 year journey, preparing them to successfully complete their Xth and XIIth GSOS board examinations and equipping them for higher education and careers.
Our approach moves beyond traditional classrooms — encouraging children to learn at their own pace with gentle guidance. We focus on building strong foundations in language skills (English, Hindi, Gujarati, and Sanskrit) and mathematical rigor, while ensuring multi-skilling opportunities in vocational areas. Equal importance is placed on sports, music, art, and cultural activities, fostering well-rounded individuals who are physically, intellectually, culturally, and aesthetically developed.
Sponsor a candidate
BADRISupport the cause by sponsoring candidates at an average cost of INR 65000 per candidate per year.
BADRI Learning Center has recently launched an Early Childhood Education Centre for children aged 3–6 years, rooted in Indian culture and guided by child-led, values-based learning. The centre follows a free-progress philosophy, allowing each child to grow naturally at their own pace. Beyond academics, it offers a nurturing environment where the body, mind, and spirit develop in harmony with nature, joy, and dharma. By beginning education early, BADRI lays a strong foundation for smooth transition into formal schooling, helping children thrive with confidence, curiosity, and compassion. The centre also integrates music, movement, and hands-on exploration to strengthen sensory and cognitive development. Strong involvement of caregivers and the community ensures that learning continues meaningfully at home as well.
Duration: 6–8 years (residential program)
Input Age (Residential): 10–11 years
Input Age (Early Childhood): 3–6 years
In 2024, BADRI celebrated its first graduating batch, with students now pursuing Bachelor in Computer Applications, English, ITI programs, and preparing for competitive and defense exams. BADRI’s graduates are not only academically accomplished but also confident, skilled, and socially responsible young citizens. The addition of the Early Childhood Centre ensures that the journey of holistic development now begins right from the formative years.
Sponsor a candidate
We seek your help and participation in seeing through a trainee/learner through a whole year. Your assistance enables us in providing direction and purpose to the aimlessly drifting young boys and girls who may otherwise end up affecting the community in a negative way.
Kindly send a confirmation email to info@sarjanfoundation.org after completing the payment, including your Complete Name, PAN No., and Address to ensure proper receipt issuance and record-keeping.
Sarjan is registered under the FCRA Act of the Ministry of Home Affairs, Govt. of India, to receive Foreign Contributions/Donations
For donations to be tax deductible in the US, please make check payable to Human Service Foundation, mention ‘For Sarjan Foundation‘ in the memo and mail it to
Kindly send a confirmation email to info@sarjanfoundation.org after completing the payment.
The foundation welcomes your support and help in every way. Thank you for showing your interest to volunteer with us. You can volunteer from remote too!!

Equipping underprivileged youth with industrial and technical skills including CNC, VMC programming, welding, and robotics.

Enhancing employability through IT and vocational skills including AutoCAD, mobile app development, and web design.

Empowering women through skills like tailoring, mehndi, crochet, and beauty care for economic independence.

Organizing eye camps in rural Gujarat, providing cataract surgeries and spectacles to restore sight and dignity.

Engaging students and communities in conservation through school activities, nature camps, environmental education.
+91-9904148584


women
trained
self-employed, becoming
earning members of their families
expanded to a new center
at Rampura
Established in 2011 at Prantij, the Shakti – Arts & Craft Centre is dedicated to empowering women through livelihood skills such as tailoring, mehndi (henna) design, beauty services, and crochet. The centre fosters self-reliance, dignity, and financial independence, enabling women to uplift themselves and their families.
By creating pathways to economic independence, Shakti has helped women strengthen their families, improve their socio-economic status, and inspire change within their communities. Expanding its reach, Shakti recently launched a new centre in Rampura Village, continuing its mission to transform lives and promote women-led growth.
Sponsor a candidate
SHAKTISupport the cause by sponsoring candidates at an average cost of INR 3500 per candidate per session.
Sponsor a candidate
We seek your help and participation in seeing through a trainee/learner through a whole year. Your assistance enables us in providing direction and purpose to the aimlessly drifting young boys and girls who may otherwise end up affecting the community in a negative way.
Kindly send a confirmation email to info@sarjanfoundation.org after completing the payment, including your Complete Name, PAN No., and Address to ensure proper receipt issuance and record-keeping.
Sarjan is registered under the FCRA Act of the Ministry of Home Affairs, Govt. of India, to receive Foreign Contributions/Donations
For donations to be tax deductible in the US, please make check payable to Human Service Foundation, mention ‘For Sarjan Foundation‘ in the memo and mail it to
Kindly send a confirmation email to info@sarjanfoundation.org after completing the payment.
The foundation welcomes your support and help in every way. Thank you for showing your interest to volunteer with us. You can volunteer from remote too!!

Equipping underprivileged youth with industrial and technical skills including CNC, VMC programming, welding, and robotics.

Enhancing employability through IT and vocational skills including AutoCAD, mobile app development, and web design.

Residential learning center providing multilingual, experiential education for children from underserved communities.

Organizing eye camps in rural Gujarat, providing cataract surgeries and spectacles to restore sight and dignity.

Engaging students and communities in conservation through school activities, nature camps, environmental education.
+91-9879079699


eye camps organized
spectacles were provided
cataract surgeries performed
patients examined
Sarjan conducts around 20+ eye check-up camps every year in the interior rural areas in northern Gujarat. Lack of financial assistance compels the people out there to suffer from blindness throughout their lives. Sarjan tries to bridge the gap by providing low-cost affordable eye care support. Those identified with faulty vision are provided with numbered specs at a nominal price of ₹40.
Sarjan organizes eye check-up camps in the rural areas of Prantij to curb needless blindness caused largely through cataract and glaucoma. Benefiting over 1 lakh people so far, cataract surgeries are done for free for identified patients. Sarjan facilitates cataract surgery with lens implant for the ones in need, free of charge at the nearby specialty hospital. This is to ensure a reduced incidence of needless blindness.
Sponsor an eye camp
HealthcareSupport the cause by sponsoring an eye camp costs
around INR 60,000.
Sponsor an eye camp
We seek your support in helping us organize eye camps that prevent avoidable blindness through timely interventions such as cataract surgeries and glaucoma detection. Additionally, vision screening and refraction correction for near and distant sight significantly enhance the quality of life for beneficiaries.
Kindly send a confirmation email to info@sarjanfoundation.org after completing the payment, including your Complete Name, PAN No., and Address to ensure proper receipt issuance and record-keeping.
Sarjan is registered under the FCRA Act of the Ministry of Home Affairs, Govt. of India, to receive Foreign Contributions/Donations
For donations to be tax deductible in the US, please make check payable to Human Service Foundation, mention ‘For Sarjan Foundation‘ in the memo and mail it to
Kindly send a confirmation email to info@sarjanfoundation.org after completing the payment.
The foundation welcomes your support and help in every way. Thank you for showing your interest to volunteer with us. You can volunteer from remote too!!

Equipping underprivileged youth with industrial and technical skills including CNC, VMC programming, welding, and robotics.

Enhancing employability through IT and vocational skills including AutoCAD, mobile app development, and web design.

Residential learning center providing multilingual, experiential education for children from underserved communities.

Empowering women through skills like tailoring, mehndi, crochet, and beauty care for economic independence.

Engaging students and communities in conservation through school activities, nature camps, environmental education.
+91-9879079699


No. of camps/events held
No. of participants sensitised
Sarjan initiated the ProEnviron project, a coordinated action aimed at promoting environmental awareness among students, teachers, and the broader community. Recognizing the critical significance of nature and its all- encompassing role in our lives, the ProEnviron project focuses on two primary objectives: reorienting educational activities in schools and colleges and enhancing societal awareness of environmental degradation while advocating for sustained conservation and rewilding efforts.
The project aims to sensitize children to the importance of nature through engaging activities, such as nature games introduced in schools, and by organizing overnight nature camps for select groups of students at various locations. Additionally, Sarjan has published three issues of the ProEnviron Magazine to further educate and inspire action. All these initiatives are conducted in the true spirit of charity, completely free of charge, embodying Sarjan’s guiding principle of making a meaningful impact on the community without financial barriers.
Kindly send a confirmation email to info@sarjanfoundation.org after completing the payment, including your Complete Name, PAN No., and Address to ensure proper receipt issuance and record-keeping.
Sarjan is registered under the FCRA Act of the Ministry of Home Affairs, Govt. of India, to receive Foreign Contributions/Donations
For donations to be tax deductible in the US, please make check payable to Human Service Foundation, mention ‘For Sarjan Foundation‘ in the memo and mail it to
Kindly send a confirmation email to info@sarjanfoundation.org after completing the payment.
The foundation welcomes your support and help in every way. Thank you for showing your interest to volunteer with us. You can volunteer from remote too!!

Equipping underprivileged youth with industrial and technical skills including CNC, VMC programming, welding, and robotics.

Enhancing employability through IT and vocational skills including AutoCAD, mobile app development, and web design.

Residential learning center providing multilingual, experiential education for children from underserved communities.

Empowering women through skills like tailoring, mehndi, crochet, and beauty care for economic independence.

Organizing eye camps in rural Gujarat, providing cataract surgeries and spectacles to restore sight and dignity.

In Sarjan, we believe each individual can contribute and support in building a compassionate and secure society.Your time and initiative are deeply valued and appreciated. There are a number of initiatives, campaigns, events and projects of Sarjan, within our health, education and livelihood programs. Your voluntary support is very welcome.
Support the cause by sponsoring candidates at our various campus, your sponsorship gives them the chance to learn, grow, and thrive.
Your contributions, directed where it’s needed most, ensures immediate and meaningful impact.
Contribute towards the general purpose of trust. We need more people to join us on this journey and thus seek your support to contribute.
Join us as a volunteer and help make a meaningful difference in the lives of those who need it most.
We seek your help and participation in seeing through a trainee/learner through a whole year. Your assistance enables us in providing direction and purpose to the aimlessly drifting young boys and girls who may otherwise end up affecting the community in a negative way.
Kindly send a confirmation email to info@sarjanfoundation.org after completing the payment, including your Complete Name, PAN No., and Address to ensure proper receipt issuance and record-keeping.
Sarjan is registered under the FCRA Act of the Ministry of Home Affairs, Govt. of India, to receive Foreign Contributions/Donations
For donations to be tax deductible in the US, please make check payable to Human Service Foundation, mention ‘For Sarjan Foundation‘ in the memo and mail it to
Kindly send a confirmation email to info@sarjanfoundation.org after completing the payment.
We seek your help and participation in building recurring sources of financial support for infrastructure, in order to reach out to as many beneficiaries as possible. We seek your voluntary participation in taking care of various aspects of skill development and community engagement programs carried out by us. Your assistance will enable us in providing direction and purpose to the aimlessly drifting young boys and girls who may otherwise end up affecting the community in a negative way.
| Item | Description | Price Per Unit | Quantity | Total Cost | Status | Action |
|---|
We seek your help and participation in building recurring sources of financial support for infrastructure, in order to reach out to as many beneficiaries as possible. We seek your voluntary participation in taking care of various aspects of skill development and community engagement programs carried out by us. Your assistance will enable us in providing direction and purpose to the aimlessly drifting young boys and girls who may otherwise end up affecting the community in a negative way.
Kindly send a confirmation email to info@sarjanfoundation.org after completing the payment, including your Complete Name, PAN No., and Address to ensure proper receipt issuance and record-keeping.
Sarjan is registered under the FCRA Act of the Ministry of Home Affairs, Govt. of India, to receive Foreign Contributions/Donations
For donations to be tax deductible in the US, please make check payable to Human Service Foundation, mention ‘For Sarjan Foundation‘ in the memo and mail it to
Kindly send a confirmation email to info@sarjanfoundation.org after completing the payment.
The foundation welcomes your support and help in every way. Thank you for showing your interest to volunteer with us. You can volunteer from remote too!!
Processor: Intel Core i5-10400, Motherboard: MSI B460M Pro, RAM: 8GB DDR4 2666MHz, Storage: 256GB SSD, Operating System: Windows 10 Home
The foundation welcomes your support and help in every way. Your interest in sponsoring a candidate is helping create a brighter future. By supporting their education, you’re offering a child the chance to dream, learn, and grow beyond their circumstances. Together, we’re building a world where education is a bridge to limitless possibilities.
Our representative will get in touch with you soon,to guide you through the next steps.